Exfoliation
What does toner do, and do you really need it? Types of toner and how to choose
Not every routine needs a toner; what it does depends on the active it contains. The difference between acid and brightening toners, choosing by…
Articles on this topic
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Sensitive Skin
How to do a patch test on the inner forearm: steps for trying a new product
How do you do a patch test on the inner forearm, how do you adapt it for cleansers, peels, acid toners and eye serums,…
Exfoliation
Using acids at home: how often should you do a chemical peel?
How often should you do a chemical peel at home? The starting frequency for acid toners and rinse-off peels, how to increase it, a…
Eye Area
The difference between under-eye puffiness and the look of dark circles
Under-eye puffiness is an increase in volume; dark circles are a difference in colour. This guide covers the two types of bags, the causes…
Sun Protection
How much sunscreen should you apply, and how often? A guide to correct application
How much sunscreen to apply to the face and body, when and how often to reapply it, and how to refresh it over make-up.…
Sun Protection
What is SPF? UVA, UVB and how to read sunscreen labels
SPF shows protection against sunburn, which means mainly against UVB; UVA protection is indicated by a separate term. The difference between SPF 30 and…
Hydration & Barrier
What is the skin barrier? How to tell if it is weakened and how to support it
What the skin barrier is, how to tell when it is weakened and how to support it, with a decision table showing which products…
Skin Type
Sensitive skin care: how to introduce active ingredients
How to build a basic routine for sensitive skin, and in what order and at what frequency to introduce active ingredients. It also covers…
Skin Type
Combination skin care: different needs for the T-zone and cheeks
A zone-by-zone care guide for combination skin, with a shiny T-zone and dry cheeks: which steps go on the whole face and which on…
Skin Type
Dry skin care routine: a step-by-step guide to hydration and the barrier
How to cleanse dry skin, how to layer hydration and whether acid products and products with oils can be used, with a morning and…
Skin Type
Oily skin care routine: morning and evening steps, and shine during the day
Morning, toner-evening and toner-free evening steps for oily skin; what causes oiliness, cleansing rules, controlling shine during the day and habits to avoid.
Sun Protection
What causes dark spots on the skin? Sun spots and uneven-looking tone
How sun spots and uneven-looking tone develop through cumulative sun exposure and how to use sunscreen if you are prone to dark spots, with…